{"id":122,"date":"2021-03-27T20:03:52","date_gmt":"2021-03-27T18:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/?p=122"},"modified":"2023-06-06T19:05:29","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T16:05:29","slug":"existentialism-via-nietzsche-supra-omul-si-turma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/?p=122","title":{"rendered":"Existen\u021bialism via Nietzsche &#8211; Supra-omul \u0219i turma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Foto: Diogene, Jacob Jordaens, aprox. 1642<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen prefa\u021ba lucr\u0103rii \u201dGenealogia moralei\u201d, Nietsche scria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dCum ar fi dac\u0103, \u00een \u201domul bun\u201d, ar mi\u0219una o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 regresiv\u0103, asemenea unui pericol, o momeal\u0103, o otrav\u0103, un narcotic, iar prezentul ar exista pe cheltuiala viitorului? Posibil \u00een mai mult confort \u0219i mai pu\u021bin pericol, dar de asemenea \u00eentr-o form\u0103 \u00eengust\u0103 la minte \u0219i patetic\u0103?&#8230; Astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t moralitatea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i este de vin\u0103 daca omul nu-\u0219i atinge maximum de putere \u0219i splendoare pentru tipul lui de om? Astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t moralitatea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i este cel mai periculos pericol?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Genealogia moralei, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Cei mai mul\u021bi oameni nu se \u00eentreab\u0103 de ce lucrurile sunt considerate moralmente bune sau rele \u0219i, \u00eentr-un mod necritic \u0219i, \u00een mare parte, inconstient, adopt\u0103 \u201dvalorile judec\u0103\u021bii binelui \u0219i r\u0103ului\u201d dominante \u00een societ\u0103\u021bile lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen ultimii 2000 de ani, moralitatea dominant\u0103 \u00een Vest, dup\u0103 spusele lui Nietzsche, a fost o moralitate \u201danti-natural\u0103\u201d care mergea \u00eempotriva \u201dinstinctelor vie\u021bii\u201d. Nietzsche a privit aceast\u0103 moralitate ca fiind \u201dcel mai periculos pericol\u201d \u2013 o moralitate \u00een care to\u021bi indivizii, chiar \u0219i cei ce posed\u0103 poten\u021bialul de a se ridica peste mediocritatea maselor, sunt for\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 devin\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dun lucru mic, aproape ridicol, un animal de turm\u0103, ceva ce dore\u0219te s\u0103 fie pl\u0103cut, boln\u0103vicios \u0219i mediocru.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Cum a ajuns o moralitate \u201danti-natural\u0103\u201d \u2013 o <em>\u201dotrav\u0103\u201d<\/em> ce s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit <em>\u201dprin tot corpul omenirii\u201d<\/em> (Genealogia moralei, Friedrich Nietzsche) \u2013 s\u0103 domine \u00een civiliza\u021bia vestic\u0103. Ca s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare, Nietzsche \u00eemparte oamenii \u00een dou\u0103 categorii distincte: oamenii superiori (das \u00dcbermensch) \u0219i cei apar\u021bin\u00e2nd turmei (die Herde).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen categoria oamenilor superiori distingem dou\u0103 tipuri principale. Avem geniile creative, <em>\u201doamenii de o creativitate m\u0103rea\u021b\u0103, adev\u0103ra\u021bii oameni m\u0103re\u021bi, din ce \u00een\u021beleg eu\u201d<\/em> (Voin\u021ba de putere, Friedrich Nietzsche), care, printr-o combina\u021bie rar\u0103 de talent \u0219i munc\u0103, \u00ee\u0219i devoteaz\u0103 via\u021ba unei arte \u0219i ofer\u0103 omenirii lucr\u0103ri de o incredibil\u0103 frumuse\u021be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Al\u0103turi de geniile creative, exist\u0103 o multitudine de oameni superiori ce nu ating rangul de genii \u0219i sunt, astfel, ascun\u0219i publicului larg, vie\u021bile lor <em>\u201dnu sunt c\u00e2ntate de barzi\u201d<\/em> (Amurgul, Friedrich Nietzsche). \u0218i, totu\u0219i, via\u021ba omului superior comun nu este calitativ diferit\u0103 de via\u021ba geniilor creative, ambele av\u00e2nd tr\u0103s\u0103turi de caracter similare ce \u00eei separ\u0103 de turm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oamenii superiori au un proiect de via\u021b\u0103 unificator \u0219i sunt consuma\u021bi de dorin\u021ba de a-\u0219i actualiza obiectivele m\u0103re\u021be. Acest proiect unificator nu este \u00eentreprins pentru satisfac\u021bii pe termen scurt ci, ca rezultat al perspectivei istorice vaste la care omul superior are acces, pentru c\u0103 este o munc\u0103 a c\u0103rei efecte vor fi observate la mult timp dup\u0103 moartea fizic\u0103 a acelor oameni superiori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dOmul modern se axeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod \u00eengust pe durata vie\u021bii lui&#8230; \u0219i vrea ca el s\u0103 culeag\u0103 fructele din pomii pe care i-a plantat, ne mai dorind s\u0103 planteze pomi care necesit\u0103 secole de \u00eengrijiri constante \u0219i sunt destina\u021bi s\u0103 ofere umbr\u0103 unei lungi succesiuni de genera\u021bii.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Omenesc, prea omenesc, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Pentru aceast\u0103 munc\u0103 m\u0103rea\u021b\u0103, omul superior are nevoie de solitudine \u0219i eliberare de turm\u0103 \u2013 acei <em>\u201dnenum\u0103ra\u021bi oameni mici \u0219i demni de mil\u0103\u201d<\/em> (A\u0219a gr\u0103ita Zarathustra, Friedrich Nietzsche).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dConceptul de m\u0103re\u021bie presupune s\u0103 fi nobil, s\u0103 vrei s\u0103 fi tu \u00eensu\u021bi, s\u0103 po\u021bi s\u0103 fi diferit, s\u0103 stai singur \u0219i s\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219ti independent.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u00e2nd singur \u0219i tr\u0103ind independent, omul superior r\u0103m\u00e2ne nep\u0103s\u0103tor la preocup\u0103rile triviale ale turmei, \u0219i este, astfel, imun, at\u00e2t la laudele c\u00e2t \u0219i la criticile enun\u021bate de cei mul\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dEste o solitudine \u00een el ce este inaccesibil\u0103 laudelor \u0219i vinelor, o justi\u021bie proprie ce nu poate fi pus\u0103 la \u00eendoial\u0103.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Voin\u021ba de putere, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Con\u0219tient de sarcina monumental\u0103 ce o are \u00een fa\u021b\u0103, \u0219i de poten\u021bialul de m\u0103re\u021bie care este \u00een el, omul superior are un sentiment de reveren\u021b\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de el; \u0219i, chiar \u0219i \u00een momentele de grav\u0103 suferin\u021b\u0103, sus\u021bine via\u021ba ca un <em>\u201dom m\u00e2ndru \u0219i bine-\u00eenchegat ce spune \u201dDa\u201d, ce este sigur pe viitor, ce garanteaz\u0103 viitorul\u201d<\/em> (Ecce homo, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen contrast cu ace\u0219ti oameni superiori, exista cei mul\u021bi \u2013 turma. Turma este format\u0103 din dou\u0103 tipuri umane: \u201dUltimul om\u201d (Letzter Mensch) \u0219i \u201dSclavul\u201d (Sklaven).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201dUltimul om\u201d este, \u00een esen\u021b\u0103, omul mediocru. Aspir\u00e2nd spre confort \u0219i pl\u0103ceri, ce \u00een final \u00eel fac lene\u0219 \u0219i vrednic de dispre\u021b. \u201dUltimul om\u201d este complet lipsit de orice pornire creativ\u0103 \u0219i este orb la \u00eenaltele valori ce fac creativitatea posibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201dSclavul\u201d, \u00een schimb, este o fiin\u021b\u0103 uman\u0103 slab\u0103 \u0219i boln\u0103vicioas\u0103, care sufer\u0103 de ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i \u0219i este cuprins\u0103 de, ceea ce Nietzsche nume\u0219te, resentiment \u2013 o ur\u0103 purulent\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103, generat\u0103 de sentimente de impoten\u021b\u0103 \u00een fa\u021ba unei realit\u0103\u021bi pe care o percepe ca fiind cople\u0219itoare \u0219\u0103 amenin\u021b\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dPrintre oameni, la fel ca \u00een orice specie de animale, exist\u0103 un exces de e\u0219ecuri, de bolnavi, degenera\u021bi, infirmi, care sufer\u0103 \u00een mod necesar; cazurile de succes sunt, \u0219i printre oameni, excep\u021bia.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Prezen\u021ba resentimentului na\u0219te \u00een \u201dSclav\u201d sentimente de invidie fa\u021b\u0103 de to\u021bi cei care nu sufer\u0103 ca ei \u2013 mai exact, \u201dOamenii superiori\u201d \u2013 iar aceast\u0103 invidie motiveaz\u0103 \u201dSclavul\u201d s\u0103 se r\u0103zbune pe ace\u0219tia. Se \u00eenh\u0103iteaz\u0103 \u00eentre ei pentru a ob\u021bine un \u201dsentiment de putere comunitar\u201d \u2013 singurul tip de putere accesibil \u201dSclavului\u201d \u2013 \u0219i, sub pretextul necesit\u0103\u021bii egalit\u0103\u021bii, \u201dSclavul\u201d \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-i trag\u0103 \u00een jos spre un nivel mediocru pe to\u021bi cei ce sunt superiori lui construind o \u201dmoralitate de sclav\u201d (die Sklavenmoral), sau de turm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dO moralitate care dezumanizeaz\u0103 omul este, prin excelen\u021b\u0103, o moralitate a declinului \u2013 faptul c\u0103 \u201deu e\u0219uez\u201d este transpus \u00een imperativul \u201dvoi to\u021bi trebuie s\u0103 e\u0219ua\u021bi!\u201d&#8230; Aceast\u0103 moralitate, singura care a fost \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum, o moralitate anti-natural\u0103, arat\u0103 o dorin\u021b\u0103 pentru moarte; fundamental, neag\u0103 via\u021ba.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Ecce homo, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>O moralitate de turm\u0103 inverseaz\u0103 valorile naturale ale vie\u021bii. Individul care este puternic \u0219i independent \u2013 care \u00ee\u0219i ob\u021bine sentimentul de putere spontan prin ac\u021biuni creative \u0219i printr-o \u201ds\u0103n\u0103tate grozav\u0103\u201d \u2013 este v\u0103zut prin prisma moralit\u0103\u021bii de turm\u0103 ca fiind \u201dmalefic\u201d. De partea cealalt\u0103, to\u021bi cei care apar\u021bin turmei, at\u00e2t \u201dUltimii oameni\u201d, cu mediocritatea lor, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u201dSclavii\u201d cei slabi \u0219i impoten\u021bi \u2013 <em>\u201dr\u0103zbun\u0103torii deghiza\u021bi \u00een judec\u0103tori\u201d<\/em> (Genealogia moralei, Friedrich Nietzsche) \u2013 sunt v\u0103zu\u021bi ca fiind \u201dbuni\u201d, virtuo\u0219i prin antiteza cu \u201domul superior\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201d\u00cen final \u2013 \u0219i \u0103sta este cel mai teribil lucru \u2013 conceptul de \u201dom bun\u201d desemneaz\u0103 una din p\u0103r\u021bi, cu tot ce e slab, e\u0219uat, bolnav, suferind de el \u00eensu\u0219i&#8230; principiul selec\u021biei este dep\u0103\u0219it \u2013 un ideal este construit din contradic\u021bia cu omul m\u00e2ndru \u0219i realizat ce spune Da, care este sigur de viitor, care garanteaz\u0103 viitorul \u0219i pe care \u00eel nume\u0219te malefic. \u0218i toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 treab\u0103 este crezut\u0103 ca fiind moralitate.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Ecce homo, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Moralitatea de turma este \u201dcel mai periculos pericol\u201d deoarece are abilitatea de a-i seduce pe cei anxio\u0219i \u0219i tem\u0103tori \u00een fa\u021ba incertitudinii \u0219i izol\u0103rii asociate \u021bintirii spre m\u0103re\u021bie. \u00cen confuzia \u0219i angoasa asociat\u0103 dezvolt\u0103rii lor, dorind s\u0103 <em>\u201dia o pauz\u0103 de ei, m\u0103car odat\u0103&#8230; \u0219i s\u0103 se elibereze de ceea ce \u00eei oprim\u0103\u201d<\/em> (Voin\u021ba de putere, Friedrich Nietzsche), moralitatea de turm\u0103 are efectul unui c\u00e2ntec de sirene ce ofer\u0103 poten\u021bialului om m\u0103re\u021b o evadare, din destinul \u00eempovor\u0103tor, \u00een confortul mediocrit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a pierderii sinelui \u00een masele de oameni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dac\u0103 moralitatea de turm\u0103 devine prea eficient\u0103 \u00een dobor\u00e2rea a tot ce este superior \u0219i extraordinar, nihilismul se va strecura \u00een lume. F\u0103r\u0103 valorile superioare \u00eentrupate de \u201doamenii superiori\u201d, creativitatea, lucr\u0103rile de o frumuse\u021be incredibil\u0103 \u0219i capacitatea de a urm\u0103ri idealuri \u00eenalte vor disp\u0103rea. \u00cen locul lor, valorile confortului \u0219i ale suficien\u021bei, pre\u021buite de turm\u0103, vor fi venerate ca valori supreme \u0219i, ca rezultat, turma va st\u0103p\u00e2ni lumea \u0219i <em>\u201dexisten\u021ba va fi privat\u0103 de \u00eenaltul caracter\u201d <\/em>(Ecce homo, Friedrich Nietzsche).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dNu mai vedem ast\u0103zi nimic care s\u0103 vrea s\u0103 creasc\u0103 m\u0103re\u021b, ne a\u0219tept\u0103m ca lucrurile s\u0103 continue s\u0103 cad\u0103 jos, jos, s\u0103 devin\u0103 mai sub\u021biri, mai sufletiste, mai prudente, mai confortabile, mai mediocre, mai indiferente&#8230; Aici, exact, este ceea ce a devenit fatal&#8230; \u00eempreun\u0103 cu frica de om, ne-am pierdut \u0219i dragostea pentru el, reveren\u021ba pentru el, speran\u021bele noastre pentru el, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i dorin\u021ba de el. Imaginea omului acum ne epuizeaz\u0103. Ce este nihilismul ast\u0103zi dac\u0103 nu exact asta? \u2013 Suntem epuiza\u021bi de om.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Genealogia moralei, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 protejeze viitoarele genera\u021bii de cedarea sub efectul acesta nivelator \u0219i a toate cuprinz\u0103tor, Nietzsche a petrecut mult timp \u00een scrierile lui realiz\u00e2nd o \u201dreevaluare a valorilor\u201d, sper\u00e2nd s\u0103 limiteze efectele moralit\u0103\u021bii de turm\u0103 \u00een dezvoltarea omului superior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O asemenea reevaluare a valorilor este dependent\u0103 de realizarea c\u0103 moralitatea de turm\u0103 nu este un obiectiv sau o moralitate universal\u0103, ci este:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dun tip de moralitate l\u00e2ng\u0103 care, \u00eenaintea c\u0103reia, \u0219i dup\u0103 care, sunt, sau ar trebui sa fie, posibile multe alte tipuri de moralit\u0103\u021bi superioare.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen timp ce moralitatea de turm\u0103 <em>\u201durl\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u021b\u00e2nat\u0103: eu sunt moralitatea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i!\u201d<\/em> (Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche), omul superior trebuie s\u0103 realizeze c\u0103 <em>\u201dideile turmei trebuie s\u0103 conduc\u0103 turma \u2013 dar s\u0103 nu treac\u0103 dincolo de ea\u201d<\/em> (Voin\u021ba de putere, Friedrich Nietzsche). El nu trebuie s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare preten\u021bia moralit\u0103\u021bii de turm\u0103 de a fi universal\u0103, cu valorile \u0219i obliga\u021biile morale aferente, ci s\u0103-\u0219i descopere singur valorile \u00eenalte ce \u00eei sunt necesare \u00een \u00eendeplinirea proiectului lui de via\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Descoperindu-\u0219i valorile morale proprii, omul superior trebuie s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 c\u0103, fiind un individ puternic diferen\u021biat \u0219i cu o viziune de via\u021b\u0103 unic\u0103 lui, \u201dbinele\u201d lui este doar al lui \u0219i, astfel, el nu trebuie s\u0103 predice sau s\u0103-\u0219i impun\u0103 moralitatea altor oameni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dFratele meu, dac\u0103 tu ai o virtute \u0219i ea e virtutea ta, atunci nu o ai \u00een comun cu nimeni. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i a numi-o \u00een vreun fel ar face-o prea comun\u0103; dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 vorbe\u0219ti despre ea, trebuie s\u0103 o faci astfel: Acesta este Binele meu; acest lucru \u00eel iubesc; \u00eemi face pl\u0103cere \u00een \u00eentregime; doar astfel \u00eemi doresc Binele. Nu \u00eel voi supune legilor zeilor; nu \u00eel voi face un statut uman sau o necesitate.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(A\u0219a gr\u0103ita Zarathustra, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen vremurile lui Nietzsche, ca \u0219i \u00een zilele noastre, au existat nenum\u0103ra\u021bi indivizi ce au dorit persecu\u021bia \u0219i dobor\u00e2rea celor ce se ridic\u0103 deasupra masei mediocre, masc\u00e2ndu-\u0219i invidia cu strig\u0103te pentru egalitate. Aceste idei par, astfel, elitiste \u0219i dezgust\u0103toare marii majorit\u0103\u021bi a oamenilor. Dar, pentru Nietzsche, aceste idei nu erau adresate acestora:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dCele mai m\u0103re\u021be perspective ale noastre trebuie \u2013 sau ar trebui \u2013 s\u0103 sune a nebunii \u0219i, uneori, a crime c\u00e2nd sunt auzite f\u0103r\u0103 permisiune de c\u0103tre cei care nu sunt dispu\u0219i sau destina\u021bi sa le aud\u0103.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Nietzsche era profund preocupat de a se asigura c\u0103 lumea r\u0103m\u00e2ne fertil\u0103 dezvolt\u0103rii adev\u0103ratei excelen\u021be umane. El scria, astfel, doar omului superior, implor\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 tenta\u021biile moralit\u0103\u021bii de turm\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 porneasc\u0103 pe propriul drum al vie\u021bii \u00een mod eroic, oferind astfel inspira\u021bie viitoarelor genera\u021bii de poten\u021biali oameni superiori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dar Nietzsche nu era optimist \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te bl\u00e2nde\u021bea cu care viitorul va privi existen\u021ba oamenilor superiori. Moralitatea de turm\u0103 este o bestie puternic\u0103, cu for\u021ba majorit\u0103\u021bii \u00een spate, ce a purtat \u00een ultimii 2000 de ani:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dun r\u0103zboi ne\u00eentrerupt cu tot ce e rar, ciudat, privilegiat, omul superior, spiritul \u00eenalt, angajamentul \u00eenal\u021b\u0103tor, responsabilitatea m\u0103rea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cu abunden\u021ba adus\u0103 de puterea creatoare \u0219i m\u0103iestrie.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Moralitatea de turm\u0103 nu este sus\u021binut\u0103 doar de ideologiile socialiste \u2013 pe ai c\u0103ror sus\u021bin\u0103tori, Nietzsche, \u00eei numea <em>\u201d\u0219uruburi \u0219i \u0219aibe socialiste\u201d<\/em> (Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche) \u2013 care doresc s\u0103 aduc\u0103 \u00een lume <em>\u201ddegenerarea \u0219i diminuarea omului \u00een animalul de turm\u0103 perfect\u201d <\/em>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche), dar \u0219i de numeroasele mi\u0219c\u0103ri de justi\u021bie social\u0103 ce amenin\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 cuprind\u0103 lumea vestic\u0103 cu un nou val de moralitate de turm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u021ain\u00e2nd cont c\u0103 moralitatea de turm\u0103 tr\u0103ie\u0219te bine-mersi \u00een lumea modern\u0103, putem, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Nietzsche, s\u0103 ne punem o \u00eentrebare, pe care el o considera foarte pertinent\u0103 \u00een vremurile lui, \u0219i care r\u0103m\u00e2ne la fel de important\u0103 \u0219i \u00een vremurile noastre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dAst\u0103zi \u2013 este m\u0103re\u021bia posibil\u0103?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Dincolo de bine \u0219i r\u0103u, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 presiunea acestei \u00eentreb\u0103ri, existen\u021ba moralei de turm\u0103 \u0219i \u00een vremurile noastre trebuie s\u0103 fie un motiv de \u00eengrijorare privit \u0219i din alt unghi. Sclavul, \u00een ciuda fa\u021badei inocente pe care o prezint\u0103 cu moralitatea lui de turm\u0103 \u0219i strig\u0103tele pentru egalitate, nu dore\u0219te s\u0103 schimbe lumea \u00een bine. El caut\u0103, \u00een schimb, sub impulsul resentimentului \u0219i a invidiei, s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 putere social\u0103 \u0219i politic\u0103 pentru a putea provoca distrugere ca \u0219i compensa\u021bie pentru impoten\u021ba \u0219i e\u0219ecurile lui personale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u201dC\u00e2nd unii oameni e\u0219ueaz\u0103 \u00een a ob\u021bine ceea ce \u00ee\u0219i doresc, exclam\u0103 nervo\u0219i \u201dFie ca toat\u0103 lumea s\u0103 moar\u0103!\u201d. Aceast\u0103 emo\u021bie repulsiv\u0103 este punctul culminant al invidiei, al c\u0103rei substrat este \u201dDac\u0103 eu nu pot ob\u021bine ceva, nimeni nu poate avea nimic, nimeni nu are voie s\u0103 fie ceva!\u201d.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<cite>(Amurgul, Friedrich Nietzsche)<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Foto: Diogene, Jacob Jordaens, aprox. 1642 \u00cen prefa\u021ba lucr\u0103rii \u201dGenealogia moralei\u201d, Nietsche scria: \u201dCum ar fi dac\u0103, \u00een \u201domul bun\u201d, ar mi\u0219una o tr\u0103s\u0103tur\u0103 regresiv\u0103, asemenea unui pericol, o momeal\u0103, o otrav\u0103, un narcotic, iar prezentul ar exista pe cheltuiala viitorului? Posibil \u00een mai mult confort \u0219i mai pu\u021bin pericol, dar de asemenea \u00eentr-o form\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":791,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions\/791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deniscalin.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}